The Virtues
Our world often likes to classify virtues or character traits as male or female, with men taking the stronger, leadership-oriented characteristics. However, when the seven Virtues were commissioned for the Tribunale di Mercatanzia, or guild court, in Piazza della Signoria (along with Virtue portraits in other places), they were always depicted as women! Women portrayed the Virtues of Justice, Fortitude, Temperance, Prudence, Charity, Hope, and Faith.
As I read through the descriptions of each Virtue (included in the captions), I found it interesting that these women depicted the very things often used against women in leadership. We are told that we do not have the mental and emotional strength to face difficulties, yet here is Fortitude wearing her armor and gown while holding a baton of command! We are told that we are too emotional and irrational for leadership, yet here is Temperance exercising moderation and control. We are told that only men can represent Christ and the priesthood, yet here is Faith holding the crucifix and the chalice of the Eucharist! We are told we have poor judgment, yet here is Prudence checking her six while grasping a snake. And we are told that we are just too prone to sin, perpetually carrying the weight of the Fall on our shoulders, yet here is Justice demonstrating righteousness with a sword in her hand (shall we think of it as the Word of God) and balancing the world on her knee!
The Virtues Located in the Uffizi Gallery Museum, Florence, Italy
Alessandro Filipepi, detto Botticelli Fortitude 1470 Tempera on wood Fortitude, Botticelli’s first recorded work, was completed by August 1470 to a commission from the Tribunal di Mercatanzia, or guild court, in Piazza della Signoria. The Virtue is depicted as a young woman wearing armor beneath her delicate gown and clutching the baton of command. Located in the Uffizi Gallery Museum, Florence, Italy
Piero Del Pollaiolo Temperance c. 1470 Tempera grassa on wood Temperance – in other words moderation and the ability to control one’s instincts – is portrayed mixing hot and cold water. Like the other Virtues, she sits on a precious marble throne decorated with classicizing motifs. Located in the Uffizi Gallery Museum, Florence, Italy
Piero Del Pollaiolo Faith c. 1470 Tempera grassa on wood Faith, together with Hope and Charity, is one of the Christian theological Virtues inspired by God in man’s soul. The Virtues holds the crucifix and the chalice of the Eucharist. The goldwork is rendered with remarkable mimetic skill, a recurrent feature of Piero del Pollaiolo’s style. Located in the Uffizi Gallery Museum, Florence, Italy
Piero Del Pollaiolo Charity c. 1469 Tempera grassa on wood Charity was the firstVirtue to be painted in the cycle of Virtues commissioned from Piero del Pollaiolo in 1469 for the hall of the Tribunale di Mercatanzia, or guild court, in Piazza della Signoria. The Virtue’s attributes are blazing fire and a child, whom she is suckling. Located in the Uffizi Gallery Museum, Florence, Italy
Piero Del Pollaiolo Hope c. 1470 Tempera grassa on wood Hope her hands joined in prayer, raises her eyes to heaven. The cycle of the Virtues, which Piero del Pollaiolo was commissioned to paint in 1469, hung in the Tribunale di Mercatanzia (or guild court) until 1777, when they were moved to the Uffizi. Located in the Uffizi Gallery Museum, Florence, Italy
Piero Del Pollaiolo Justice c. 1470 Tempera grassa on wood Together with Fortitude, Temperance and Prudence, Justice was one of the cardinal Virtues required by mankind to live a life of righteousness. Justice holds a sword in her right hand and balances the world on her left knee. It has been suggested that Piero’s older brother Antonio del Pollaiolo may have assisted his brother in painting the cycle of the Virtues. Located in the Uffizi Gallery Museum, Florence, Italy
Piero Del Pollaiolo Prudence c. 1470 Tempera grassa on wood Prudence holds a mirror to see behind her and she clutches a snake, which a passage in the Gospel tells us is by nature a prudent animal. Despite the repetitive pattern of the compositions, each of the Virtues adopts a different pose and decorative details differentiate the marble architecture in each scene. Located in the Uffizi Gallery Museum, Florence, Italy